What happens to science advice to policy when science speaks with multiple voices? How does pluralism affect the science policy interface? Is pluralism irreducible or can it be governed? In this post, I review three approaches to governance in the context of pluralism.
Building on the uncertainty literature, we* conceptualize ambiguity as the type of uncertainty that emerges from complexity.
Measurements are used in policy-making to set targets, and to monitor progress towards targets. Think of CO2 emission targets, energy efficiency targets, waste recycling monitoring. When dealing with complex issues, the choice of metrics is not trivial! The issue of non-equivalence reveals that measurements may be precise, but they do not lead to univocal knowledge. As a consequence, policy objects are constituted also through the choice of metrics.